Club SpeedClub head speed at impact (mph). More speed = more distance potential.
Ball SpeedSpeed the ball leaves the face. Club speed × smash factor.
Smash FactorBall ÷ club speed. Measures energy transfer efficiency. Driver max ~1.50.
Attack AngleUp (+) or down (−) club angle at impact. Positive is ideal for driver; negative for irons.
Club PathIn-to-out (+) or out-to-in (−) direction through impact. Shapes the curve.
Face AngleOpen (+) or closed (−) face at impact. Primary driver of initial launch direction.
Dynamic LoftActual loft at impact (not club loft). Controls launch angle and spin.
Total SpinSpin rate in RPM. High = more lift + curve. Low = more penetrating with extra roll.
Spin AxisTilt of the spin axis in degrees. Right (+) = fade/slice. Left (−) = draw/hook. 0 = pure backspin.
Launch AngleVertical angle the ball launches. Optimal varies by club speed and loft.
AzimuthHorizontal launch direction (launch direction). ~78% face, ~22% path (D-plane).
CarryAir distance before landing. Use this for club gapping and target selection.
TotalCarry + roll. Varies with slope, firmness, and spin at landing.
OfflineLateral distance from target at rest. Right = positive, left = negative.
Height / ApexPeak height the ball reached. Higher apex = steeper descent and softer landing.